The first liberation movements in Angola did not emerge among the indigenous population, but started among the Portuguese colonists, just as colonists from the North-, Central-, and South-Americas started resistance against the motherland. Such tendencies in Angola can be traced as far back as the 18th century. With the independence of Brazil in 1822, a country Angolans have always related to, a movement started in favour of the forming of a federation with Brazil, called Confederaçào Brazilica.

The emergence of an own press – the first Luanda newspaper appeared in...